Silicon carbide, also known as SiC, is a semiconductor base material that consists of pure silicon and pure carbon. You can dope SiC with nitrogen or phosphorus to form an n-type semiconductor or dope it with beryllium, boron, aluminum, or gallium to form a p-type semiconductor. While many varieties and purities of silicon carbide exist, semiconductor-grade quality silicon carbide has only surfaced for utilization in the last few decades.
advantage of Silicon Carbide
Historically, manufacturers use silicon carbide in high-temperature settings for devices such as bearings, heating machinery components, car brakes, and even knife sharpening tools. In electronics and semiconductor applications, SiC's advantage main advantages are:
High thermal conductivity of 120-270 W/mK
Low coefficient of thermal expansion of 4.0x10^-6/°C
High maximum current density
These three characteristics combined give SiC excellent electrical conductivity, especially when compared to silicon, SiC's more popular cousin. SiC's material characteristics make it highly advantageous for high power applications where high current, high temperatures, and high thermal conductivity are required.
In recent years, SiC has become a key player in the semiconductor industry, powering MOSFETs, Schottky diodes, and power modules for use in high-power, high-efficiency applications. While more expensive than silicon MOSFETs, which are typically limited to breakdown voltages at 900V, SiC allows for voltage thresholds at nearly 10kV.
SiC also has very low switching losses and can support high operating frequencies, which allows it to achieve currently unbeatable efficiencies, especially in applications that operate at over 600 volts. With proper implementation, SiC devices can reduce converter and inverter system losses by nearly 50%, size by 300%, and overall system cost by 20%. This reduction in overall system size lends SiC the ability to be extremely useful in weight and space-sensitive applications.
Applications of Silicon carbide
Thanks to its versatile properties, silicon carbide is a widely used ceramic material in many high-temperature and wear-resistant applications, such as:
Refractory applications in the production of iron, steel, ceramics, nonferrous metals, energy, chemicals, etc.
A high-temperature gas sensor in devices in chemical production and in turbine or engine testing to detect flammable and combustible gases in harsh, high-temperature, and corrosive environments
Ceramic welding powders
Semiconductors in electronics for circuit elements thanks to its high-voltage resistance
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