Material Fundamentals
Basic Characteristics
Atomic Properties: Atomic number 12, electron configuration [Ne]3s²
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP) at room temperature
Physical Constants:
Melting point: 650°C (1202°F)
Boiling point: 1090°C (1994°F)
Specific heat capacity: 1.023 J/g·K at 25°C
Thermal conductivity: 156 W/m·K
Mechanical Properties
| Property | Value | Comparison to Al 6061 |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.738 g/cm³ | 35% lighter |
| Tensile Strength | 160-240 MPa | 40-60% of Al 6061 |
| Yield Strength | 80-200 MPa | 50-70% of Al 6061 |
| Elastic Modulus | 45 GPa | ~60% of Al 6061 |
| Elongation | 5-15% | Comparable |
Note: Properties vary significantly with alloy composition and processing methods
Metallurgical Analysis
Alloy Systems
Major alloying elements and their effects:
Aluminum (Al):
Improves strength and castability
Typical range: 3-9 wt%
Forms Mg₁₇Al₁₂ (γ-phase) precipitates
Zinc (Zn):
Enhances strength through solid solution strengthening
Usually <6 wt% to avoid hot cracking
Manganese (Mn):
Improves corrosion resistance (0.2-0.5 wt%)
Forms Al-Mn intermetallics
Rare Earth Elements:
Enhance creep resistance at elevated temperatures
Common additions: Y, Nd, Gd (2-5 wt%)
Phase Diagram Analysis
Mg-Al System: Eutectic at 32% Al, 437°C
Mg-Zn System: Eutectic at 51% Zn, 340°C
Mg-RE Systems: Complex intermetallic formation
Quality Standards & Specifications
International Standards
ASTM B92: Standard Specification for Magnesium Ingot
ASTM B93/B93M: Standard Specification for Magnesium Alloys
ISO 8287: Magnesium and magnesium alloys - Ingots and castings
Chemical Composition Requirements
Table: Typical composition limits for pure magnesium ingots (ASTM B92 Grade 9980A)
| Element | Max % |
|---|---|
| Fe | 0.004 |
| Ni | 0.001 |
| Cu | 0.002 |
| Si | 0.01 |
| Al | 0.02 |
| Mn | 0.03 |
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