Professional Knowledge Of Silicon Calcium

Calcium silicate (commonly referred to as silicon-calcium alloy, CaSi) is a critical ferroalloy primarily used in steelmaking, cast iron modification, and aluminum refining. Its unique chemical properties make it an efficient deoxidizer, desulfurizer, and alloying agent, improving metal cleanliness and mechanical properties.

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Description

Chemical Composition & Grades

Silicon-calcium alloys are categorized based on their Ca, Si, and impurity content:

Grade	Ca (%)	Si (%)	C (%)	Al (%)	S (%)	P (%)
CaSi 30	28-32	55-65	≤0.5	≤1.5	≤0.04	≤0.04
CaSi 20	20-25	60-65	≤0.8	≤2.0	≤0.05	≤0.05
Low-C CaSi	30-32	58-62	≤0.1	≤1.0	≤0.03	≤0.03

High-Calcium (CaSi 30): Preferred for deep deoxidation and inclusion control in high-grade steel.

Standard (CaSi 20): Used in general steelmaking and cast iron production.

Low-Carbon (Low-C CaSi): Essential for ultra-low-carbon steel (e.g., electrical steel, automotive sheets).

silicon calcium

Production Process of silicon calcium

Silicon-calcium is produced via carbothermic reduction in submerged arc furnaces (SAF):

Raw Materials: Quartz (SiO₂), lime (CaO), and carbonaceous reductants (coal, coke).

Smelting:

Reaction: SiO₂ + CaO + C → CaSi + CO (gas)

Temperature: 1600–1800°C

Refining & Casting: Molten alloy is refined to reduce impurities and cast into ingots or granules.

Crushing & Sizing: Final product is crushed into specified particle sizes (1–50mm).

silicon calcium

Key Metallurgical Functions

(1) Steelmaking Applications

Deoxidation:

Ca + O → CaO (slag inclusion removal)

More efficient than FeSi or Al due to stronger oxide formation.

Desulfurization:

Ca + S → CaS (removes sulfur, improving ductility)

Inclusion Modification:

Converts harmful Al₂O₃ inclusions into spherical calcium aluminates, enhancing machinability.

(2) Cast Iron Modification

Graphite Nodularization:

Ca (with Mg) helps form spheroidal graphite in ductile iron.

Reduces Chill Tendency: Improves casting fluidity and reduces carbide formation.

(3) Aluminum Refining

Impurity Removal:

Reacts with P, S, and non-metallic inclusions in aluminum melts.

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