How Is Electrolytic Manganese Metal Produced?

Q: Physical properties of electrolytic manganese flake purity density hardness?
A: Purity >99.7%; density ~7.2–7.4 g/cm³; relatively soft and malleable.

Q: Chemical composition of electrolytic manganese flake typical impurity levels?
A: Low Fe, S, P, C; typical impurities <0.1% each, depending on grade.

Q: Melting point and boiling point of electrolytic manganese flake?
A: Melting point ~1246 °C; boiling point ~2061 °C.

Q: Corrosion resistance and oxidation behavior of electrolytic manganese flake?
A: Easily oxidizes in air; must be stored protected from moisture and oxygen.

The production involves mining, leaching, purification, and electrowinning:

Step-by-Step Process

Mining & Ore Preparation

Manganese ores (pyrolusite MnO₂, rhodochrosite MnCO₃) are mined and crushed.

Leaching

Ore reacts with sulfuric acid at elevated temperature to form soluble MnSO₄:

MnO2+2H2SO4→MnSO4+SO2↑+2H2O

(For MnCO₃: MnCO₃ + H₂SO₄ → MnSO₄ + CO₂↑ + H₂O)

Purification

Remove Fe, Al, heavy metals (Co, Ni, Pb, Zn):

Adjust pH with lime → precipitate Fe(OH)₃, Al(OH)₃.

Add sodium sulfide → precipitate heavy metal sulfides.

Filter to obtain purified MnSO₄ solution.

Electrowinning (Core Step)

Purified solution enters electrolytic cells:

Anode: Lead‑alloy grid (Pb‑Ag, Pb‑Ca‑Sn)

Cathode: Stainless steel sheet

Conditions: ~90–95 °C, MnSO₄ 35–45 g/L, H₂SO₄ 10–20 g/L, current density 200–500 A/m², voltage 4–5.5 V.

Reaction at cathode:

Mn2++2e−→Mn (metal)

Reaction at anode (oxygen evolution):

2H2O→O2↑+4H++4e−

Stripping & Processing

After 24–72 h, metallic manganese is stripped from cathodes as flakes.

Washed, dried, and packaged. Purity > 99.7 %.

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