Classification by Carbon Content
The primary distinction lies in the carbon-to-silicon ratio, which determines its application efficiency.
| Type | Carbon Content | Silicon Content | Key Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard Grade | 8–15% | 60–70% | Balanced for general steelmaking deoxidation and carburization. |
| High-Carbon Grade | 15–20% | 55–65% | Preferred for cast iron production due to enhanced graphitization. |
| Low-Carbon Grade | 3–8% | 70–75% | Used when minimal carbon addition is required (e.g., specific alloy steels). |
Classification by Production Method
The manufacturing process impacts purity and physical form:
a. Submerged Arc Furnace (SAF) Product:
Most common type, produced by smelting quartz + carbonaceous materials (coke, coal).
Contains trace impurities (Fe, Al, Ca).
Typically supplied as irregular lumps (10–50mm).
b. Refined High-Carbon Silicon:
Purified through secondary refining (e.g., oxygen blowing, flux treatment).
Lower impurity levels (<1% Al, Ca).
Used in high-performance steels or SiC synthesis.
c. Granulated/Powdered Form:
Processed into granules (1–10mm) or powder for precision casting or welding electrodes.
Ensures faster dissolution in molten metal.
Classification by Application
a. Steelmaking Grade:
Optimized for deoxidation and alloying (e.g., LC grades for low-carbon steels).
b. Foundry Grade:
High-carbon variants (15–20% C) to improve graphite formation in cast iron.
c. Specialized Industrial Grade:
Ultra-high purity (>75% Si) for silicon carbide production or chemical industries.
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