Key Properties
Lightweight: Density of 1.738 g/cm³ (about two-thirds that of aluminum).
High Strength-to-Weight Ratio: Ideal for structural applications.
Good Machinability: Easily cast, extruded, and forged.
Thermal & Electrical Conductivity: Useful in heat dissipation and electronic applications.
Flammability: Magnesium is highly flammable in powder or thin strips, requiring careful handling.
Corrosion Resistance: Forms a protective oxide layer, though pure magnesium can corrode in moist environments.
Production Methods
Magnesium ingots are produced through two primary methods:
(1) Electrolytic Process (from Magnesium Chloride)
Raw Material: Extracted from seawater or brine (MgCl₂).
Process: Electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride yields pure magnesium.
Purity: Typically 99.8% pure or higher.
(2) Pidgeon Process (Thermal Reduction of Dolomite)
Raw Material: Dolomite (MgCO₃·CaCO₃) or magnesite (MgCO₃).
Process: Silicothermic reduction in a vacuum furnace at high temperatures.
Purity: Around 99.5% pure.
After extraction, molten magnesium is cast into ingots for commercial use.
Grades & Specifications
Magnesium ingots are classified by purity and alloying elements:
Pure Magnesium (99.8%+ Mg): Used in chemical and metallurgical industries.
Alloyed Magnesium (with Al, Zn, Mn, etc.): Enhances mechanical properties for structural uses.
Common Standards:
ASTM B92 (Pure Mg)
ASTM B93 (Magnesium Alloys)
GB/T 3499 (Chinese Standard)
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