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Ferroniobium is primarily used as an alloying agent in steel production. It enhances the strength, toughness, and high-temperature performance of steel, especially in applications like pipelines, automotive parts, and structural components. It also improves corrosion resistance and welding properties. About 80–90% of global ferroniobium consumption is in the steel industry.

Ferroniobium is typically produced by aluminothermic reduction or by combining niobium oxide (Nb₂O₅) with iron oxide and reducing the mixture in an electric arc furnace or using aluminum powder. The process involves smelting niobium concentrates, usually sourced from minerals like pyrochlore or columbite, to extract niobium in alloy form with iron.

Ferroniobium is a non-toxic, grayish metallic alloy composed mainly of niobium and iron. It has high melting stability, excellent resistance to high temperatures, and contributes to improved mechanical properties in steel. It is not used alone but significantly boosts the performance of steel alloys when added in small amounts (typically 0.02%–0.1%).